THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE, PROFITABILITY, AND LEVERAGE ON FIRM VALUE IN ENERGY-SECTOR COMPANIES TRANSITIONING TO RENEWABLE ENERGY AND LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE, 2021–2024

Objective: This study examines the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure, Profitability, and Leverage on Firm Value in eight energy-sector companies transitioning to renewable energy and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021–2024, yielding 32 observations. Method: Firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q, CSR Disclosure using a disclosure index based on Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 51/POJK.03/2017, profitability using Return on Equity (ROE), and leverage using the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER). Results: Panel-data regression using the Random Effects Model (REM) shows that CSR Disclosure, Profitability, and Leverage do not have a statistically significant effect on Firm Value, either partially or simultaneously, and the model produces a negative adjusted R-squared. The limited sample size and the low variability of CSR Disclosure are likely to be major factors behind these findings. Novelty: The results indicate that the relationships between CSR Disclosure, Profitability, Leverage, and Firm Value are context-dependent and may vary across samples and research periods.